Programming Languages at a Glance

Copyright © 2003 by Andreas Hohmann

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Acknowledgements
2. Fortran
2.1. Software and Installation
2.2. Quick Tour
2.2.1. Hello World
2.2.2. Expressions and Variables
2.2.3. Arrays
2.2.4. Functions
Bibliography
3. Common Lisp
3.1. Software and Installation
3.2. Quick Tour
3.2.1. Lists and Expressions
3.2.2. Functions
3.2.3. More Collections
3.2.4. Structures
3.2.5. Input and Output
3.3. More Features
3.3.1. Object Oriented Programming
3.3.2. Macros
3.3.3. Exceptions
3.3.4. Analysis Functions
References
4. Cobol
4.1. Software and Installation
4.2. Quick Tour
4.2.1. Hello World
4.2.2. Variables and Arithmetic
4.2.3. Subroutines and Control Statements
4.2.4. Data Structures
4.2.5. Files and Records
4.3. More Features
4.3.1. Table Search
4.3.2. Macros (Copy Books)
4.3.3. Subprograms
4.3.4. Sort and Merge
4.3.5. Screen Definitions
4.4. Libraries and Common Examples
Bibliography
5. C
5.1. Software and Installation
5.2. Quick Tour
5.2.1. Hello World
5.2.2. Control Flow
5.2.3. Basic Types
5.2.4. Structures and Type Definitions
5.2.5. Functions
5.2.6. Macros
References
6. Smalltalk
6.1. Software and Installation
6.2. Quick Tour
6.2.1. Message Passing
6.2.2. Collections
6.2.3. Objects and Classes
6.3. More Features
6.3.1. An Object-Oriented Example
References
7. Prolog
7.1. Software and Installation
7.2. Quick Tour
7.2.1. Goals, Facts, and Rules
7.2.2. Structures
7.2.3. Collections
7.2.4. Arithmetic
7.3. More Features
7.3.1. Controlling Backtracking
7.3.2. Operators
Bibliography
8. Ada
8.1. Software and Installation
8.2. Quick Tour
8.2.1. Hello World
8.2.2. Enumerations
8.2.3. Functions and Procedures
8.2.4. Control Structures
8.2.5. Subtypes
8.2.6. Arrays
8.2.7. Access Types
8.2.8. Records and Objects
8.2.9. Packages
8.2.10. Objects
8.3. More Features
8.3.1. Function Pointers
8.3.2. Generic Packages
8.3.3. Overflow
8.3.4. Modular Types
8.3.5. Parallelism
8.4. Discussion
9. SQL
9.1. Software and Installation
9.2. Quick Tour
9.2.1. Expressions
9.2.2. Tables and Queries
Bibliography
10. Scheme
10.1. Software and Installation
10.2. Quick Tour
10.2.1. Expressions
10.2.2. Functions
10.2.3. Collections
10.3. More Features
10.3.1. Objects
References
11. Objective C
11.1. Software and Installation
11.2. Quick Tour
11.2.1. Objects and Classes
11.2.2. Message Passing and Inheritance
11.2.3. Categories and Protocols
11.3. More Features
11.3.1. Visibility
11.3.2. The Object Class
11.3.3. Arrays
11.4. Discussion
12. ML
12.1. Software and Installation
12.2. Quick Tour
12.2.1. Expressions
12.2.2. Functions
12.2.3. Collections
12.2.4. Data Types
12.2.5. Module System
12.2.6. Procedural Features
12.3. More Features
12.3.1. Collections
12.3.2. Exceptions
References
13. C++
13.1. Software and Installation
13.2. Quick Tour
13.2.1. Hello World
13.2.2. Some Differences between C and C++
13.2.3. Classes
13.2.4. Templates
13.2.5. Collections
13.3. More Features
13.3.1. Smart Pointers
13.3.2. Metaprogramming
13.4. Discussion
Bibliography
14. Eiffel
14.1. Software and Installation
14.2. Quick Tour
14.2.1. Hello World
14.2.2. Variables, Arithmetic, and Control Statements
14.2.3. Classes and Features
14.2.4. Design by Contract
14.2.5. Visibility
14.3. More Features
14.3.1. Expanded Types
14.3.2. Exceptions
14.3.3. Operator Overloading
14.3.4. Generic Types
14.3.5. Agents
14.4. Discussion
15. Objective Caml
15.1. Software and Installation
15.2. Quick Tour
15.2.1. Expressions
15.2.2. Functions
15.2.3. Collections
15.2.4. Data Types
15.2.5. Module System
15.2.6. Objects and Classes
15.3. More Features
15.3.1. Exceptions
16. Perl
16.1. Software and Installation
16.2. Quick Tour
16.2.1. Expressions and Context
16.2.2. Variables
16.2.3. Control Statements
16.2.4. References
16.2.5. Functions
16.3. More Features
16.3.1. Input and Output
16.3.2. Special Variables
16.3.3. Packages and Modules
16.3.4. Object Oriented Perl
16.3.5. Function Prototypes
16.4. Discussion
References
17. Haskell
17.1. Software and Installation
17.2. Quick Tour
17.2.1. Expressions
17.2.2. Functions
17.2.3. Collections
17.2.4. Types and Classes
17.2.5. User Defined Types
17.2.6. Imperative Programming
17.3. More Features
17.3.1. Modules and Visibility
17.3.2. Lazy Evaluation
17.4. Discussion
References
18. Python
18.1. Software and Installation
18.2. Quick Tour
18.2.1. Expressions and Variables
18.2.2. Control Flow
18.2.3. Collections
18.2.4. Functions
18.2.5. Objects and Classes
18.3. More Features
18.3.1. Exceptions
18.3.2. Nested Definitions
18.3.3. Generators
18.3.4. String Formatting
18.3.5. Operator Overloading
18.3.6. Class Methods and Properties
18.3.7. Visibility
18.4. Libraries and Common Examples
18.4.1. Modules and Packages
18.4.2. File I/O
18.4.3. Regular Expressions
18.4.4. SQL Database Access
18.5. Discussion
References
19. Java
19.1. Software and Installation
19.2. Quick Tour
19.2.1. Hello World
19.2.2. Types
19.2.3. Classes and Interfaces
19.2.4. Exceptions
19.3. More Features
19.3.1. Collections
19.3.2. Inner Classes
19.3.3. Reflection
19.3.4. Applets
19.4. Discussion
References
20. JavaScript
20.1. Software and Installation
20.2. Quick Tour
20.2.1. Expressions
20.2.2. Control Statements
20.2.3. Collections
20.2.4. Functions
20.2.5. Objects
20.3. More Features
20.3.1. Exceptions
20.3.2. Regular Expressions
Bibliography
21. Ruby
21.1. Software and Installation
21.2. Quick Tour
21.2.1. Expression
21.2.2. Collections
21.2.3. Objects and Classes
21.3. More Features
21.3.1. Exception Handling
21.3.2. Modules and Mixins
21.3.3. Operator Overloading
21.3.4. Regular Expressions
21.4. Libraries and Common Examples
21.4.1. Input and Output
21.4.2. Leftovers
21.5. Discussion
References
22. XSLT
22.1. Software and Installation
22.2. Quick Tour
22.2.1. Hello World
22.2.2. XPath
22.2.3. Conditions and Loops
22.2.4. Functions
22.3. More Features
22.4. Discussion
References
23. C#
23.1. Software and Installation
23.2. Quick Tour
23.2.1. Hello World
23.2.2. Types and Arguments
23.2.3. Control Statements
23.2.4. Classes
23.2.5. Structures
23.2.6. Collections
23.3. More Features
23.3.1. Delegates and Events
23.3.2. Operator Overloading
23.3.3. Casting References
23.3.4. Enumerated Types
23.3.5. Releasing Resources
23.3.6. Preprocessor
23.3.7. Reflection and Attributes
23.4. Discussion
References
24. Thoughts
24.1. Paradigm
24.2. Typing
24.3. Syntax
List of Tables
2-1. Fortran types
4-1. Areas of a Cobol Line
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